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First and foremost, WHC is a front-end for Microsoft's hotfix checking program, Hfnetchk. (See the Knowledge Base article on Hfnetchk for more details.) WHC runs Hfnetchk, captures its output, and shows a report on hotfixes that need to be installed. WHC can scan the local computer, as well as remote computers on which you have administrator privileges.
Once you've scanned for necessary hotfixes, WHC can also download them from Microsoft. Note that some hotfixes are not directly downloadable, so you will need to visit Microsoft's site for download instructions. However, finding the right page is simple - WHC's detailed hotfix report includes hyperlinks to the Microsoft security bulletin and Knowledge Base article for each hotfix.
Finally, once you have downloaded the necessary hotfix installers, WHC can run them for you. OS hotfixes are often chainable, meaning you can install several at once without having to reboot after each hotfix is installed. WHC supports this as well, using Microsoft's Qchain utility.
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